If you wanted to try a half measure, delete any old installers you have (including stand alone bootable installers) and get a copy of Catalina fresh from the App Store and run that installer one time.
Then run the installer to install on the blank drive - once that is done, you can hold the option key to test things boot, migrate data in from backup and make the call if and when you do the erase on the internal drive. Many people will select Macintosh HD and erase it, rather than erasing the container, so be sure you follow the “How to erase your disk” part and not “How to erase a volume on your disk” portion. When you’re ready, you will want to get an external drive and erase the drive completely (not just erasing a volume, but complete erase per this page) In the mean time make sure all your data / backups are current. Your disk layout is generally good - no issues that are easy to diagnose and fix. I would get a backup and not worry about the recovery partition until you have time for an erase install or some processes that can take an hour (or more if you don’t have the Catalina installer up to date and downloaded).
Second update Here is the result of sudo diskutil listĢ: Apple_APFS Container disk1 1.0 TB disk0s2ġ: APFS Volume Macintosh HD 10.8 GB disk1s1Ģ: APFS Volume Macintosh HD - Data 553.6 GB disk1s2 None of these affect the boot sequence: I end up in normal logon screen in normal boot mode.